This post is a supplement to my "Top Ed-Tech Trends of 2016" series

ActiveGrade was sunsetted, after being acquired by Haiku Learning two years ago.

Language learning community Livemocha closed in April. Rosetta Stone had acquired Livemocha in 2013.

Shuddle, an "Uber for kids," closed its doors in April. It had raised over $12 million in venture funding.

Curriculet closed in May, after announcing a few months earlier that it was ditching its freemium model. The Common Core aligned reading software maker had raised $1.8 million.

In May, Luvo (the startup formerly known as Flashnotes) shut down. The company, which allowed students to buy and sell their class notes, had raised over $14 million.

co.lab, Zynga and NewSchools Venture Fund’s ed-tech accelerator program, closed in May.

SharpScholar closed in June.

Knowmia closed in August.

The textbook provider Rafter suddenly closed in October. It had raised $56 million in venture funding.

(This list does not include for-profit higher education companies that also closed this year, largely due to loss of accreditation and federal financial aid dollars.)